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1 Chaldean Catholic Church (Eastern rite church prevalent in Iraq, Iran, and Lebanon, united with the Roman Catholic Church since 1830, and intermittently from 1551)
Религия: Халдейская католическая церковьУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > Chaldean Catholic Church (Eastern rite church prevalent in Iraq, Iran, and Lebanon, united with the Roman Catholic Church since 1830, and intermittently from 1551)
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2 Synod of Diamper (Council that formally united the ancient Christian Church of the Malabar Coast, India, with the Roman Catholic church)
Религия: Диамперский синодУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > Synod of Diamper (Council that formally united the ancient Christian Church of the Malabar Coast, India, with the Roman Catholic church)
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3 Glagolitic alphabet (Script introduced into the Slavic-speaking Balkan communities in the late 9th century AD, together with the Slavonic liturgy of the Roman Catholic Church)
Религия: глаголицаУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > Glagolitic alphabet (Script introduced into the Slavic-speaking Balkan communities in the late 9th century AD, together with the Slavonic liturgy of the Roman Catholic Church)
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4 Augustinian Canons (In the 11th century, the first religious order of men in the Roman Catholic Church to combine clerical status with a full common life)
Религия: Орден каноников - августинцевУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > Augustinian Canons (In the 11th century, the first religious order of men in the Roman Catholic Church to combine clerical status with a full common life)
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5 Pius (Italian head of the Roman Catholic church during World War II and the years of postwar reconstruction - reigned 1939-58- who dealt with contemporary moral and theological issues in innumerable addresses and in several encyclicals)
Религия: Пий XIIУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > Pius (Italian head of the Roman Catholic church during World War II and the years of postwar reconstruction - reigned 1939-58- who dealt with contemporary moral and theological issues in innumerable addresses and in several encyclicals)
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6 Roman Catholic Church of Romania
Религия: (An Eastern Catholic church of the Byzantine rite, in communion with Rome) Римско-католическая церковь РумынииУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > Roman Catholic Church of Romania
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7 Roman Catholic Church of Romania (An Eastern Catholic church of the Byzantine rite, in communion with Rome)
Религия: Римско-католическая церковь РумынииУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > Roman Catholic Church of Romania (An Eastern Catholic church of the Byzantine rite, in communion with Rome)
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8 Council of Pisa (In Roman Catholic church history, a council convened in 1409 with the intention of ending the Western, or Great, Schism, during which rival Popes, each with his own Curia, were set up in Rome and Avignon)
Общая лексика: Пизанский собор католическоУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > Council of Pisa (In Roman Catholic church history, a council convened in 1409 with the intention of ending the Western, or Great, Schism, during which rival Popes, each with his own Curia, were set up in Rome and Avignon)
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9 Catholic church
The Catholic Church and the Catholic religion together represent the oldest and most enduring of all Portuguese institutions. Because its origins as an institution go back at least to the middle of the third century, if not earlier, the Christian and later the Catholic Church is much older than any other Portuguese institution or major cultural influence, including the monarchy (lasting 770 years) or Islam (540 years). Indeed, it is older than Portugal (869 years) itself. The Church, despite its changing doctrine and form, dates to the period when Roman Lusitania was Christianized.In its earlier period, the Church played an important role in the creation of an independent Portuguese monarchy, as well as in the colonization and settlement of various regions of the shifting Christian-Muslim frontier as it moved south. Until the rise of absolutist monarchy and central government, the Church dominated all public and private life and provided the only education available, along with the only hospitals and charity institutions. During the Middle Ages and the early stage of the overseas empire, the Church accumulated a great deal of wealth. One historian suggests that, by 1700, one-third of the land in Portugal was owned by the Church. Besides land, Catholic institutions possessed a large number of chapels, churches and cathedrals, capital, and other property.Extensive periods of Portuguese history witnessed either conflict or cooperation between the Church as the monarchy increasingly sought to gain direct control of the realm. The monarchy challenged the great power and wealth of the Church, especially after the acquisition of the first overseas empire (1415-1580). When King João III requested the pope to allow Portugal to establish the Inquisition (Holy Office) in the country and the request was finally granted in 1531, royal power, more than religion was the chief concern. The Inquisition acted as a judicial arm of the Catholic Church in order to root out heresies, primarily Judaism and Islam, and later Protestantism. But the Inquisition became an instrument used by the crown to strengthen its power and jurisdiction.The Church's power and prestige in governance came under direct attack for the first time under the Marquis of Pombal (1750-77) when, as the king's prime minister, he placed regalism above the Church's interests. In 1759, the Jesuits were expelled from Portugal, although they were allowed to return after Pombal left office. Pombal also harnessed the Inquisition and put in place other anticlerical measures. With the rise of liberalism and the efforts to secularize Portugal after 1820, considerable Church-state conflict occurred. The new liberal state weakened the power and position of the Church in various ways: in 1834, all religious orders were suppressed and their property confiscated both in Portugal and in the empire and, in the 1830s and 1840s, agrarian reform programs confiscated and sold large portions of Church lands. By the 1850s, Church-state relations had improved, various religious orders were allowed to return, and the Church's influence was largely restored. By the late 19th century, Church and state were closely allied again. Church roles in all levels of education were pervasive, and there was a popular Catholic revival under way.With the rise of republicanism and the early years of the First Republic, especially from 1910 to 1917, Church-state relations reached a new low. A major tenet of republicanism was anticlericalism and the belief that the Church was as much to blame as the monarchy for the backwardness of Portuguese society. The provisional republican government's 1911 Law of Separation decreed the secularization of public life on a scale unknown in Portugal. Among the new measures that Catholics and the Church opposed were legalization of divorce, appropriation of all Church property by the state, abolition of religious oaths for various posts, suppression of the theology school at Coimbra University, abolition of saints' days as public holidays, abolition of nunneries and expulsion of the Jesuits, closing of seminaries, secularization of all public education, and banning of religious courses in schools.After considerable civil strife over the religious question under the republic, President Sidónio Pais restored normal relations with the Holy See and made concessions to the Portuguese Church. Encouraged by the apparitions at Fátima between May and October 1917, which caused a great sensation among the rural people, a strong Catholic reaction to anticlericalism ensued. Backed by various new Catholic organizations such as the "Catholic Youth" and the Academic Center of Christian Democracy (CADC), the Catholic revival influenced government and politics under the Estado Novo. Prime Minister Antônio de Oliveira Salazar was not only a devout Catholic and member of the CADC, but his formative years included nine years in the Viseu Catholic Seminary preparing to be a priest. Under the Estado Novo, Church-state relations greatly improved, and Catholic interests were protected. On the other hand, Salazar's no-risk statism never went so far as to restore to the Church all that had been lost in the 1911 Law of Separation. Most Church property was never returned from state ownership and, while the Church played an important role in public education to 1974, it never recovered the influence in education it had enjoyed before 1911.Today, the majority of Portuguese proclaim themselves Catholic, and the enduring nature of the Church as an institution seems apparent everywhere in the country. But there is no longer a monolithic Catholic faith; there is growing diversity of religious choice in the population, which includes an increasing number of Protestant Portuguese as well as a small but growing number of Muslims from the former Portuguese empire. The Muslim community of greater Lisbon erected a Mosque which, ironically, is located near the Spanish Embassy. In the 1990s, Portugal's Catholic Church as an institution appeared to be experiencing a revival of influence. While Church attendance remained low, several Church institutions retained an importance in society that went beyond the walls of the thousands of churches: a popular, flourishing Catholic University; Radio Re-nascenca, the country's most listened to radio station; and a new private television channel owned by the Church. At an international conference in Lisbon in September 2000, the Cardinal Patriarch of Portugal, Dom José Policarpo, formally apologized to the Jewish community of Portugal for the actions of the Inquisition. At the deliberately selected location, the place where that religious institution once held its hearings and trials, Dom Policarpo read a declaration of Catholic guilt and repentance and symbolically embraced three rabbis, apologizing for acts of violence, pressures to convert, suspicions, and denunciation. -
10 Chaldean Catholic Church
Религия: (Eastern rite church prevalent in Iraq, Iran, and Lebanon, united with the Roman Catholic Church since 1830, and intermittently from 1551) Халдейская католическая церковьУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > Chaldean Catholic Church
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11 (the) Union of Brest-Litovsk
История: Брестская уния (an agreement in 1596 that united with the Roman Catholic Church several million Ukrainian and Belorussian Orthodox Christians living under Polish rule in Lithuania)Универсальный англо-русский словарь > (the) Union of Brest-Litovsk
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12 catholic
'kæƟəlik
1. adjective1) (wide-ranging in one's taste etc: a catholic taste in books.) amplio, variado2) ((with capital) Roman Catholic.) católico
2. noun((with capital) a Roman Catholic.)Catholic adj n católicotr['kæɵəlɪk]1 SMALLRELIGION/SMALL católico,-a1 SMALLRELIGION/SMALL católico,-aCatholic n: católico m, -ca fadj.• católico, -a adj.n.• católico s.m.
I 'kæθəlɪknoun católico, -ca m,f
II
1) ( Relig) católico2) catholic <tastes/interests> variado['kæθǝlɪk]1. ADJ1)2) (=wide-ranging) [tastes, interests] católico2.NCatholic — católico(-a) m / f
* * *
I ['kæθəlɪk]noun católico, -ca m,f
II
1) ( Relig) católico2) catholic <tastes/interests> variado -
13 Roman
'rəumən
1. adjective1) (connected with Rome, especially ancient Rome: Roman coins.) romano2) ((no capital) (of printing) in ordinary upright letters like these.) romano
2. noun(a person belonging to Rome, especially to ancient Rome.) romano- Roman Catholic
- Roman Catholicism
- Roman numerals
tr['rəʊmən]1 romano,-a1 romano,-a\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLRoman Catholic católico,-aRoman Catholicism catolicismoRoman numeral número romanoRoman ['ro:mən] adj: romanoRoman n: romano m, -na fadj.• redondo, -a adj.• romano, -a adj.n.• letra redonda s.f.• romano s.m.
I 'rəʊməna) (of, from Rome) romanoRoman type — letra f redonda
II
noun romano, -na m,f['rǝʊmǝn]1.ADJ romano2.N (person) romano(-a) m / f3.CPDRoman alphabet N — alfabeto m romano
Roman candle N — candela f romana
•
the Roman Catholic Church — la Iglesia católica (apostólica y romana)Roman Catholicism N — catolicismo m
Roman Empire N —
•
the Roman Empire — el Imperio romanoRoman nose N — nariz f aguileña
Roman numeral N — número m romano
* * *
I ['rəʊmən]a) (of, from Rome) romanoRoman type — letra f redonda
II
noun romano, -na m,f -
14 Catholic
'kæƟəlik 1. adjective1) (wide-ranging in one's taste etc: a catholic taste in books.) allsidig2) ((with capital) Roman Catholic.) katolsk2. noun((with capital) a Roman Catholic.)Isubst. \/ˈkæθəlɪk\/katolikkIIadj. \/ˈkæθəlɪk\/1) katolsk, romersk-katolsk• the Roman Catholic Church, the Holy Catholic Church2) rettroende, ortodoks -
15 catholic
1. adjective1) (all-embracing) umfassend; vielseitig [Interessen]2)2. nounCatholic — (Relig.) katholisch
* * *['kæƟəlik] 1. adjective2) ((with capital) Roman Catholic.) katholisch2. noun((with capital) a Roman Catholic.)- academic.ru/11483/Catholicism">Catholicism* * *catho·lic[ˈkæθəlɪk]I. n▪ C\catholic katholisch* * *['kTəlIk]1. adj (ECCL)katholischthe Catholic Church — die katholische Kirche
2. nKatholik( in) m(f)* * *catholic [ˈkæθəlık; -θlık]A adj (adv catholically, catholicly)1. (all)umfassend, universal:a man with catholic interests ein vielseitig interessierter Mann2. vorurteilslos3. großzügig, tolerantbe a catholic katholisch sein* * *1. adjective1) (all-embracing) umfassend; vielseitig [Interessen]2)2. nounCatholic — (Relig.) katholisch
* * *adj.katholisch adj. -
16 Catholic
1. adjective1) (all-embracing) umfassend; vielseitig [Interessen]2)2. nounCatholic — (Relig.) katholisch
* * *['kæƟəlik] 1. adjective2) ((with capital) Roman Catholic.) katholisch2. noun((with capital) a Roman Catholic.)- academic.ru/11483/Catholicism">Catholicism* * *catho·lic[ˈkæθəlɪk]I. n▪ C\catholic katholisch* * *['kTəlIk]1. adj (ECCL)katholischthe Catholic Church — die katholische Kirche
2. nKatholik( in) m(f)* * ** * *1. adjective1) (all-embracing) umfassend; vielseitig [Interessen]2)2. nounCatholic — (Relig.) katholisch
* * *adj.katholisch adj. -
17 Roman
1. nounRömer, der/Römerin, die2. adjective* * *['rəumən] 1. adjective1) (connected with Rome, especially ancient Rome: Roman coins.) römisch2. noun(a person belonging to Rome, especially to ancient Rome.) der/die Römer(in)- academic.ru/109697/Roman_alphabet">Roman alphabet- Roman Catholic
- Roman Catholicism
- Roman numerals* * *Ro·man[ˈrəʊmən, AM ˈroʊ-]\Roman architecture römische Architekturthe \Roman Empire das römische Reich▶ when in Rome do as the \Romans do ( prov) man muss sich den jeweiligen Gepflogenheiten des Landes anpassen* * *['rəʊmən]1. n2. adj1) römischRoman times — Römerzeit f
2) (= Roman Catholic) römisch-katholischthe Roman Church — die römische Kirche
3)* * *Roman [ˈrəʊmən]A adj1. römisch (auch Antike):Roman alphabet lateinisches Alphabet;Roman Empire Römisches Reich;Roman holiday figa) blutrünstiges Vergnügen,b) Vergnügen n auf Kosten anderer;Roman law römisches Recht;Roman nose Römer-, Adlernase f;Roman numeral römische Ziffer;Roman road Römerstraße f;2. REL (römisch-)katholischB s1. Römer(in) (auch Antike)a) Antiquabuchstabe m,b) Antiquaschrift f3. REL umg, oft pej Kathole m, Katholin fRom. abk1. Roman röm.3. Romania4. Romanian rumän.* * *1. nounRömer, der/Römerin, die2. adjectiveRoman road — Römerstraße, die
* * *-e n.römisch adj. -
18 roman
1. nounRömer, der/Römerin, die2. adjective* * *['rəumən] 1. adjective1) (connected with Rome, especially ancient Rome: Roman coins.) römisch2. noun(a person belonging to Rome, especially to ancient Rome.) der/die Römer(in)- academic.ru/109697/Roman_alphabet">Roman alphabet- Roman Catholic
- Roman Catholicism
- Roman numerals* * *Ro·man[ˈrəʊmən, AM ˈroʊ-]\Roman architecture römische Architekturthe \Roman Empire das römische Reich▶ when in Rome do as the \Romans do ( prov) man muss sich den jeweiligen Gepflogenheiten des Landes anpassen* * *['rəʊmən]1. n2. adj1) römischRoman times — Römerzeit f
2) (= Roman Catholic) römisch-katholischthe Roman Church — die römische Kirche
3)* * ** * *1. nounRömer, der/Römerin, die2. adjectiveRoman road — Römerstraße, die
* * *-e n.römisch adj. -
19 Synod of Diamper
Религия: (Council that formally united the ancient Christian Church of the Malabar Coast, India, with the Roman Catholic church) Диамперский синод -
20 Napier (Neper), John
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]b. 1550 Merchiston Castle, Edinburgh, Scotlandd. 4 April 1617 Merchiston Castle, Edinburgh, Scotland[br]Scottish mathematician and theological writer noted for his discovery of logarithms, a powerful aid to mathematical calculations.[br]Born into a family of Scottish landowners, at the early age of 13 years Napier went to the University of St Andrews in Fife, but he apparently left before taking his degree. An extreme Protestant, he was active in the struggles with the Roman Catholic Church and in 1594 he dedicated to James VI of Scotland his Plaine Discovery of the Whole Revelation of St John, an attempt to promote the Protestant case in the guise of a learned study. About this time, as well as being involved in the development of military equipment, he devoted much of his time to finding methods of simplifying the tedious calculations involved in astronomy. Eventually he realized that by representing numbers in terms of the power to which a "base" number needed to be raised to produce them, it was possible to perform multiplication and division and to find roots, by the simpler processes of addition, substraction and integer division, respectively.A description of the principle of his "logarithms" (from the Gk. logos, reckoning, and arithmos, number), how he arrived at the idea and how they could be used was published in 1614 under the title Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Descriptio. Two years after his death his Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Constructio appeared, in which he explained how to calculate the logarithms of numbers and gave tables of them to eight significant figures, a novel feature being the use of the decimal point to distinguish the integral and fractional parts of the logarithm. As originally conceived, Napier's tables of logarithms were calculated using the natural number e(=2.71828…) as the base, not directly, but in effect according to the formula: Naperian logx= 107(log e 107-log e x) so that the original Naperian logarithm of a number decreased as the number increased. However, prior to his death he had readily acceded to a suggestion by Henry Briggs that it would greatly facilitate their use if logarithms were simply defined as the value to which the decimal base 10 needed to be raised to realize the number in question. He was almost certainly also aware of the work of Joost Burgi.No doubt as an extension of his ideas of logarithms, Napier also devised a means of manually performing multiplication and division by means of a system of rods known as Napier's Bones, a forerunner of the modern slide-rule, which evolved as a result of successive developments by Edmund Gunther, William Oughtred and others. Other contributions to mathematics by Napier include important simplifying discoveries in spherical trigonometry. However, his discovery of logarithms was undoubtedly his greatest achievement.[br]BibliographyNapier's "Descriptio" and his "Constructio" were published in English translation as Description of the Marvelous Canon of Logarithms (1857) and W.R.MacDonald's Construction of the Marvelous Canon of Logarithms (1889), which also catalogues all his works. His Rabdologiae, seu Numerationis per Virgulas Libri Duo (1617) was published in English as Divining Rods, or Two Books of Numbering by Means of Rods (1667).Further ReadingD.Stewart and W.Minto, 1787, An Account of the Life Writings and Inventions of John Napier of Merchiston (an early account of Napier's work).C.G.Knott (ed.), 1915, Napier Tercentenary Memorial Volume (the fullest account of Napier's work).KF
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